MIRANDA RIGHTS

The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from custodial interrogation of the defendant unless it demonstrates the use of procedural safeguards effective to secure the privilege against self-incrimination. By custodial...

VEHICLE STOPS

Stopping a vehicle is a seizure under the Fourth Amendment.  Under Terry v. Ohio the U.S. Supreme Court permits a brief investigative stop where there is reasonable suspicion to believe the person is engaged in criminal activity. All that is necessary is...

PROSECUTIONAL MISCONDUCT

PROSECUTIONAL MISCONDUCT U.S. v. Emueybunan, 208 F.3d. 377 (2001).  Statements by a prosecutor in a closing argument are not proper if they bring to the attention of the jury facts not in evidence.  When reviewing claims of prosecutional misconduct: Determine whether...

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY   DEFENDANT REQUEST   BRADY – Brady was convicted of murder.  At sentencing he testified his accomplice committed the murder.  After Brady was convicted he discovered his accomplice had told police he committed the (murder before trial).  Brady had...

WHY HEROIN?

Heroin is made from poppy plants.  Milky opium is removed from the poppy flower.  The opium is refined to make morphine and further refined into heroin.  Many people experiment with heroin without realizing it is much more dangerous than marijuana.  People think they...

TRASH PULLS

Trash cans are subject to warrantless searches if the citizen has no reasonable expectation of privacy. California v. Greenwood, 108 S.Ct. 1625. A closed trash can may be searched when the cans are at the curb for pick up. A trash can in the curtilage of a home cannot...

Diversion and Persistent Felony Offender (PFO)

The Kentucky Supreme Court decided in Commonwealth v. Richard Derringer, 386.S.W.3d 123 (2012), that a diversion conviction cannot be used to form the basis of a PFO charge because the defendant has not been sentenced.  The Supreme court held that Pretrial Diversion...